Pet Result Unit 12

Unit 12 - Food and Celebrations

Comparative and superlative adverbs

Comparison (-er/-est)

	Comparative ending in -er	Superlative ending in -est
one-syllable adverbs (hard)	harder	hardest
adverbs with the same form as adjectives (early)	earlier	earliest

Comparison (more / most)

	Comparative formed with more	Superlative formed with most
adverbs ending in -ly (happily)	more happily	most happily

Irregular comparisons

positive form	comparative	superlative
well	better	best
badly	worse	worst
ill	worse	worst
little	less	least
much	more	most
far (place + time)	further	furthest
far (place)	farther	farthest
late (time)	later	latest

Adverb - superlative:
    incorrect - She is the most fastest runner.
    correct   - She is the fastest runner.
    (She is either the fastest runner or she is not, she cannot be the most fastest.)

Reported speech 

Here's how it works:

We use a 'reporting verb' like 'say' or 'tell'. (Click here for more about using 'say' and 'tell'.) If this verb is in the present tense, it's easy. We just put 'she says' and then the sentence:

• Direct speech: “I like ice cream”.
• Reported speech: She says she likes ice cream.

We don't need to change the tense, though probably we do need to change the 'person' from 'I' to 'she', for example. We also may need to change words like 'my' and 'your'.

But, if the reporting verb is in the past tense, then usually we change the tenses in the reported speech:

• Direct speech: “I like ice cream”.
• Reported speech: She said she liked ice cream.

Tense	Direct Speech	Reported Speech
present simple	“I like ice cream”	She said (that) she liked ice cream.
present continuous	“I am living in London”	She said she was living in London.
past simple	“I bought a car”	She said she had bought a car OR She said she bought a car.
past continuous	“I was walking along the street”	She said she had been walking along the street.
present perfect	“I haven't seen Julie”	She said she hadn't seen Julie.
past perfect*	“I had taken English lessons before”	She said she had taken English lessons before.
will	“I'll see you later”	She said she would see me later.
would*	“I would help, but..”	She said she would help but...
can	“I can speak perfect English”	She said she could speak perfect English.
could*	“I could swim when I was four”	She said she could swim when she was four.
shall	“I shall come later”	She said she would come later.
should*	“I should call my mother”	She said she should call her mother
might*	"I might be late"	She said she might be late
must	"I must study at the weekend"	She said she must study at the weekend OR She said she had to study at the weekend

* doesn't change.